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Just a rough sketch of what you can do with the different types of XSS.
1) You can grab those cookies. Make the JavaScript send them to you and
you may be able to hijack the session or even the account
2) You can read stuff from the Webapp itself (Major consequences if
sensitive data like billing information is shown)
3) You can deface the Webpage and spread false information by writing to
the document.body.innerHTML element. (Works better with persistent XSS,
but reflected does fine as well)
4) With persistent XSS in a big site you can run DoS-Attacks against
smaller servers
5) You can surveil the user's behavior
6) XSS allows you to beat about any security mechanism that would
normally prevent CSRF
7) You can actually hijack the user's browser and use it as a proxy for
yourself. (http://www.portcullis-security.com/16.php)
There is a lot more. And you can combine most of this.
When asking "what could XSS do" it would be much easier to just consider
"what could I possibly do with JavaScript?".
Many Greetings
Paul
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