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PicoWebServer Unicode Stack Overflow
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY
<http://www.newmad.se> PicoWebServer is a free "light weight" HTTP web
server for PocketPCs running the Windows CE operating system.
A buffer overflow vulnerability has been discovered in PicoWebServer,
exploiting this vulnerability allows a remote attacker to run arbitrary
code on the vulnerable system.
DETAILS
Vulnerable Systems:
* PicoWebServer version 1.0
If HTTP request is sent to the PicoWebServer containing an arbitrarily
long URL, an attacker can trigger a stack overflow and cause the
application to crash. Once the overflow is successfully exploited, a
remote attacker can gain control over the device.
1) The maximum number of bytes that an attacker can supply is limited by a
loop that checks for the occurrence of a "0D 0A 0D 0A" byte sequence.
get_more_data_from_attacker:
;snip
.text:00015664 SUB R3, R8, R6 ; R3 = 0x400 = 1024
.text:00015668 SUBS R7, R3, #1 ; R7 = 1023
.text:0001566C MOVMI R7, R11
.text:00015670 MOV R2, R7 ; len = R7 = R2 = 1023
.text:00015674 ADD R1, R6, R4 ; buf
.text:00015678 MOV R0, R10 ; s
.text:0001567C BL _recv
;snip
; check for \n\n
.text:00015704 MOV R0, R4 ; char * 0D,0A,0D,0A
.text:00015708 MOV R1, R5 ; char *
.text:0001570C BL strstr
.text:00015710 MOVS R3, R0
.text:00015714 BEQ get_more_data_from_attacker
If the above-mentioned byte sequence was found, the buffer might look
similar to this one:
GET /xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx[...snip...]\x0D\x0A\x0D\x0A
2) This buffer is then converted to Unicode and passed to an unchecked
swprintf() call, where the stack overflow occurs:
.text:00013738 ADD R3, R4, #0xC ; aGetXxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
; snip
.text:00013774 ADD R0, SP, #0x820+var_7EC ; wchar_t *destination
.text:00013778 LDR R1, =aD_D_D_DDDDDDDS ; wchar_t *format_string
; [%d.%d.%d.%d - %d/%d/%d@%d:%d:%d] "%s"
; snip
.text:00013798 BL swprintf
The call to swprintf() uses a stack variable (var_7EC) to store the
resulting formatted string. It can hold a maximum number of 0x7EC (2028)
bytes. Once the string has been formatted and saved to the destination
buffer, a possible result can be:
[127.0.0.1 - 2005/5/12@12:30:11] "GET /"
The string is filled with an ip address, the current date and time and the
GET request made by an attacker. In this example (depending on the ip,
date, time and so on), an attacker would have to supply 1974 additional
bytes in order to take control over the Program Counter.
sizes | description
----------------------------
2028 | size of var_7EC
- 82 | size of unicode string: [127.0.0.1 -
2005/5/12@12:30:11] "GET /"
+ 4 | size of R4 (saved at function prologue)
+ 4 | size of R5 (saved at function prologue)
+ 4 | size of R6 (saved at function prologue)
+ 4 | size of R7 (saved at function prologue)
+ 4 | size of R8 (saved at function prologue)
+ 4 | size of R9 (saved at function prologue)
+ 4 | size of PC (saved at function prologue)
---------------------------
= 1974 size of user-supplied buffer needed to overflow stack
At the function epilogue of function sub_000136A4 the instruction at
address 0x000137D0 modifies the stack pointer (SP) to point to offset
0x7D0 of the formatted string containing user-supplied input (potential
shellcode). The instruction at 0x000137D4 restores R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9
and PC from the stack.
.text:000137D0 ADD SP, SP, R12
.text:000137D4 LDMFD SP!, {R4-R9,PC}
Registers R4 to R9 and PC are under control of the attacker.
PicoWebServer.exe: The instruction at 0x780078 referenced memory at
0x780078.
The memory could not be read (0x00780078 -> 00780078)
An attacker has full control over the device if he is able to let the
overwritten return address point to a "0D F0 A0 E1" ("MOV PC, SP")
equivalent byte sequence. Since SP is the only register pointing into the
potential shellcode supplied by an attacker, the aim of an attacker is to
let PC equal SP.
stack:
debug1218:2211E90C 78 00 78 00 DCD 0x780078 ; R4
debug1218:2211E910 78 00 78 00 DCD 0x780078 ; R5
debug1218:2211E914 78 00 78 00 DCD 0x780078 ; R6
debug1218:2211E918 78 00 78 00 DCD 0x780078 ; R7
debug1218:2211E91C 78 00 78 00 DCD 0x780078 ; R8
debug1218:2211E920 78 00 78 00 DCD 0x780078 ; R9
debug1218:2211E924 04 00 07 00 DCD addr_MOV_PC_SP ; PC
debug1218:2211E928 ;
-------------------------------------------------
debug1218:2211E928 78 00 78 00 RSBEQS R0, R8, R8,ROR R0 ; shellcode
debug1218:2211E92C 78 00 78 00 RSBEQS R0, R8, R8,ROR R0
debug1218:2211E930 78 00 78 00 RSBEQS R0, R8, R8,ROR R0
debug1218:2211E934 78 00 78 00 RSBEQS R0, R8, R8,ROR R0
debug1218:2211E938 78 00 78 00 RSBEQS R0, R8, R8,ROR R0
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The information has been provided by <mailto:dennis[at]backtrace.de>
Dennis Elser.
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