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Multiple Vulnerabilities in Oracle Database (Trigger, Extproc, Wrapped
Procedures, PL/SQL Injection)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY
Multiple vulnerabilities were discovered in the Oracle database server.
All the vulnerabilities are addressed in a new commulative patched issued
by Oracle (Trigger, Extproc, Wrapped Procedures, PL/SQL Injection).
DETAILS
Vulnerable Systems:
* Oracle 10g/9i on all operating systems
1. Oracle Trigger Abuse
Database triggers exist to help maintain data integrity and perform
certain actions when a table's data is modified. Many of the default
triggers in Oracle can be abused to gain elevated privileges. Triggers are
written in PL/SQL and execute with the privileges of the definer/owner.
The trigger SDO_CMT_CBK_TRIG, owned by MDSYS, fires when a DELETE is
performed on the SDO_TXN_IDX_INSERTS table also owned by MDSYS. PUBLIC has
the SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE object privileges on this table.
Consequently, anyone can cause the SDO_CMT_CBK_TRIG trigger to fire by
deleting a row from the table. If we examine the text of the trigger we
can see that, before the DELETE actually occurs, a list of functions are
selected from the SDO_CMT_DBK_FN_TABLE and SDO_CMT_CBK_DML_TABLE tables
and then these functions are executed. PUBLIC has no object privileges set
for either of these tables so they can not insert their own function name.
However, the PRVT_CMT_CBK package owned by MDSYS has two procedures,
CCBKAPPLROWTRIG and EXEC_CBK_FN_DML, that take as their parameters a
schema and function name which are then inserted into the
SDO_CMT_DBK_FN_TABLE and SDO_CMT_CBK_DML_TABLE tables. PUBLIC has the
EXECUTE permission on the PRVT_CMT_CBK package and, as it has not been
defined with the 'AUTHID CURRENT_USER' keyword, the package executes using
the rights of MDSYS, the definer, and not the invoker. As a result of this
anyone can indirectly insert function names into the SDO_CMT_DBK_FN_TABLE
and SDO_CMT_CBK_DML_TABLE tables. Thus when a DELETE occurs on
SDO_TXN_IDX_INSERTS anyone can influence what actions the SDO_CMT_CBK_TRIG
trigger takes - in other words, anyone can get the trigger to execute an
arbitrary function. What is more, this function, as it is being executed
from the trigger will run with the privileges of MDSYS and an attacker can
exploit this to gain elevated privileges.
The MDSYS.SDO_GEOM_TRIG_INS1 is vulnerable to SQL injection on both 9i and
10g.
The trigger executes the following:
.
.
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
'SELECT user FROM dual' into tname;
stmt := 'SELECT count(*) FROM SDO_GEOM_METADATA_TABLE ' ||
'WHERE sdo_owner = ''' || tname || ''' ' ||
' AND sdo_table_name = ''' || :n.table_name || ''' '||
' AND sdo_column_name = ''' || :n.column_name || ''' ';
.
.
When an INSERT is performed on MDSYS.USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA. The
:new.table_name and :new.column_name can be influenced by the user and SQL
injected. PUBLIC has the permissions to INSERT into this table. As such
the trigger can be abused to gain MDSYS privileges - a DBA. The
MDSYS.SDO_LRS_TRIG_INS trigger fires when an INSERT occurs on the
MDSYS.USER_SDO_LRS_METADATA view. PUBLIC can insert into this view and so
cause the trigger to fire. This trigger is vulnerable to SQL injection.
Both Oracle 9i and 10g are affected.
It executes:
.
.
stmt := 'SELECT count(*) FROM SDO_LRS_METADATA_TABLE ' ||
' WHERE sdo_owner = ''' || UPPER(user_name) || ''' ' ||
' AND sdo_table_name = ''' || UPPER(:n.table_name) || ''' ' ||
' AND sdo_column_name = ''' || UPPER(:n.column_name) || ''' ';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE stmt INTO vcount;
.
.
And :new.table_name and :new.column_name are user supplied in the insert
statement. This is where an attacker can insert malicious SQL code.
2. Extproc Directory Traversal
The Oracle database server supports PL/SQL, a programming language. PL/SQL
can execute external procedures via extproc. Over the past few years there
has been a number of vulnerabilities in this area (
<http://www.nextgenss.com/advisories/oraplsextproc.txt>
http://www.nextgenss.com/advisories/oraplsextproc.txt,
<http://www.nextgenss.com/advisories/ora-extproc.txt>
http://www.nextgenss.com/advisories/ora-extproc.txt).
Extproc has been found to suffer from a directory traversal problem that
allows attackers access to arbitray libraries.
Extproc verifies that the library to be loaded is in the $ORACLE_HOME\bin
directory. This is to ensure that libraries outside of this directory
cannot be loaded. However, there exists a directory traversal issue
whereby an attacker can break outside of this constraint. This can allow
attackers to access libraries such as libc and msvcrt.dll. By calling the
system() function attackers can run arbitrary OS commands.
3. Oracle Extproc Local Command Execution
No authentication takes place when extproc is asked to load a library and
execute a function. This allows local users to run commands as the Oracle
user (Oracle on UNIX and system on Windows). If configured properly, under
10g, extproc runs as nobody on *nix systems so the risk posed here is
minimal but still present.
4. Multiple PL/SQL Injection Vulnerabilities
When a PL/SQL procedure executes, it does so with the permissions of the
definer unless the AUTHID CURRENT USER keyword has been specified. In this
case the procedure executes with invoker privileges. Any procedure that
uses definer rights can be abused to gain elevated privileges if they are
vulnerable to PL/SQL injection.
Known to be vulnerable are:
Owner Procedure
SYS DBMS_EXPORT_EXTENSION
WKSYS WK_ACL.GET_ACL
WKSYS WK_ACL.STORE_ACL
WKSYS WK_ADM.COMPLETE_ACL_SNAPSHOT
WKSYS WK_ACL.DELETE_ACLS_WITH_STATEMENT
CTXSYS DRILOAD.VALIDATE_STMT
Each of these can be exploited to gain DBA privileges. Further, attacks
can be affected via an Oracle Application Server without the attacker
having a user ID and password.
* Note - CTXSYS is not a DBA in 10g but is on 9i.
5. Wrapped Procedure Overflow
The code for PL/SQL procedures can be encrypted or "wrapped" to use the
Oracle term. When a wrapped procedure is created a buffer overflow
vulnerability can be triggered. By placing an overly token in the text of
a procedure that has been wrapped with version 9 and stack based buffer is
overflowed in the Oracle server when the procedure is created.
Exploitation of this allows an attacker to run code as the Oracle user.
Vendor Status:
A patch (#68) was released for all the problems described above by Oracle.
See <http://metalink.oracle.com/> http://metalink.oracle.com/ for more
details.
Original Advisories can be found at:
<http://www.ngssoftware.com/advisories/oracle23122004I.txt>
http://www.ngssoftware.com/advisories/oracle23122004I.txt
<http://www.ngssoftware.com/advisories/oracle23122004B.txt>
http://www.ngssoftware.com/advisories/oracle23122004B.txt
<http://www.ngssoftware.com/advisories/oracle23122004C.txt>
http://www.ngssoftware.com/advisories/oracle23122004C.txt
<http://www.ngssoftware.com/advisories/oracle23122004H.txt>
http://www.ngssoftware.com/advisories/oracle23122004H.txt
<http://www.ngssoftware.com/advisories/oracle23122004J.txt>
http://www.ngssoftware.com/advisories/oracle23122004J.txt
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The information has been provided by <mailto:nisr@nextgenss.com>
NGSSoftware Insight Security Research.
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